Active Directory

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It centralizes authentication and authorization for users, computers, and other network resources, providing a unified system for identity and access management. AD structures network objects…

Key facts

First appeared
2000
Category
technology
Problem solved
Active Directory was created to overcome the scalability, management, and security limitations of the Windows NT Domain Model. The NT Domain model relied on a flat, non-hierarchical Security Account Manager (SAM) database, which struggled with large numbers of users and computers, complex trust relationships, and lacked a standard extensible schema, federated identity support, and robust replication mechanisms for enterprise-scale deployments.
Platforms
Windows Server

Related technologies

Notable users

  • Educational institutions
  • Small and Medium Businesses (SMBs) with Windows networks
  • Virtually all large enterprises utilizing Microsoft infrastructure
  • Government organizations